Sources & image credits

Photography & illustrations

The homepage photograph shows a comb jelly observed during Dive 05 of the 2022 ROV and Mapping Shakedown. Image courtesy of NOAA Ocean Exploration, EX2201. Its use here does not imply NOAA endorsement.

Organism plates and research diagrams are original simplified vector illustrations prepared for this edition. They show general body plans and methods, not exact species anatomy. The sea-peach illustration served at an old image address is labeled as a new schematic; it is not Alexander Semenov’s original photograph.

Scientific photographs

• A comb jelly photographed in the water column during Dive 05 of the 2022 ROV and Mapping Shakedown.
  NOAA Ocean Exploration, 2022 ROV and Mapping Shakedown, Dive 05 · Original source · NOAA educational image reuse. None; original photograph displayed proportionally.
• Sea angel Clione limacina photographed in the Beaufort Sea, north of Point Barrow, Alaska, in 2005.
  Kevin Raskoff, Hidden Ocean 2005 / NOAA Ocean Exploration · Original source · Public domain (NOAA). None; original photograph displayed proportionally.
• Nectadamas diomedeae, a siphonophore collected during the Gulf of Alaska pelagic biodiversity expedition.
  Allen Collins, NOAA Fisheries National Systematic Laboratory and Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History · Original source · NOAA educational image reuse. None; original photograph displayed proportionally.
• A tunicate photographed at Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia, September 2006. This individual is not identified to species here.
  Dr. Dwayne Meadows, NOAA/NMFS/OPR · Original source · CC BY 2.0. None; original photograph displayed proportionally.

For authorship, drafting, review dates and related-site ownership, read our editorial standards.

Reading & research

1. Comb-jelly field observations ↗www.mbari.org
2. Jellyfish and comb jellies ↗ocean.si.edu
3. Jellyfish, or siphonophore colony? ↗ocean.si.edu
4. Ocean acidification and shell builders ↗www.noaa.gov
5. Seasonal sensitivity of Limacina retroversa ↗repository.library.noaa.gov
6. Light and the ocean zones ↗oceanservice.noaa.gov
7. Tunicates ↗www.marinespecies.org
8. Reconstructing an animal’s intricate feeding filter ↗annualreport.mbari.org
9. Tunicates—Not So Spineless Invertebrates ↗ocean.si.edu
10. Halocynthia aurantium ↗www.marinespecies.org
11. A comb jelly described through video ↗oceanexplorer.noaa.gov
12. Bathydevius: a new swimming sea slug ↗www.mbari.org
13. What is upwelling? ↗oceanservice.noaa.gov
14. What are tides? ↗oceanservice.noaa.gov
15. Bristle worms get their turn ↗www.mbari.org
16. Swimming mechanics of the gossamer worm ↗www.mbari.org
17. Sea Anemones ↗ocean.si.edu
18. NOAA CO-OPS data retrieval API and product documentation ↗api.tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov
19. NOAA Ocean Service ↗oceanservice.noaa.gov
20. Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute ↗www.mbari.org